Rubato : une marque d'humanité

Dérober le temps et le rendre ensuite, c'est la définition du rubato en musique. C'est vivre au delà de la partition, exercer sa liberté mais aussi sa conscience du monde qui tourne à son rythme. Quitter le monde pour y revenir à un point de rendez-vous prévu par la partition et connu des musiciens qui nous accompagnent, et aussi, d'une manière moins explicite des auditeurs. C'est s'octroyer un passage dans une autre dimension et y emmener les auditeurs. C'est aussi une façon de se faire désirer et d’arriver à point nommé.

C'est aussi une façon éminemment humaine d'interpréter une œuvre musicale. Dans l'orchestre la rubato du soliste s'intègre dans celui conduit par le chef à l'échelle de la formation complète.

Rubato: a mark of humanity

Stealing time and then giving it back is the definition of rubato in music. It means living beyond the score, exercising one's freedom but also one's awareness of the world turning at its own pace. Leaving the world to return to a meeting point set by the score and known to the musicians accompanying us, and also, in a less explicit way, to the listeners. It is allowing oneself to pass into another dimension and taking the listeners with you. It is also a way of making yourself desired and arriving at just the right moment.

It is also an eminently human way of interpreting a musical work. In the orchestra, the soloist's rubato is integrated into that conducted by the conductor on the scale of the entire ensemble.

Value of information

Value of information analysis is a quantitative method to estimate the return on investment in proposed research projects. It can be used in a number of ways. Funders of research may find it useful to rank projects in terms of the expected return on investment from a variety of competing projects. Alternatively, trialists can use the principles to identify the efficient sample size of a proposed study as an alternative to traditional power calculations, and finally, a value of information analysis can be conducted alongside an economic evaluation as a quantitative adjunct to the ‘future research’ or ‘next steps’ section of a study write up. The purpose of this paper is to present a brief introduction to the methods, a step-by-step guide to calculation and a discussion of issues that arise in their application to healthcare decision making. Worked examples are provided in the accompanying online appendices as Microsoft Excel spreadsheets

The origins of VoI lie in the work of Raiffa and Schlaifer on statistical decision theory at Harvard [2, 13, 14]. The starting point is that there is some objective function to be maximised, and a choice between courses of action leading to uncertain payoffs with respect to the objective function.

A Practical Guide to Value of Information Analysis Edward C. F. Wilson, PharmacoEconomics (2015) 33:105–121 DOI 10.1007/s40273-014-0219-x

Pratt J, Raiffa H, Schlaifer R. Introduction to statistical decision theory. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 1995

Raiffa H, Schlaifer R. Probability and statistics for business decisions. New York: McGraw Hill; 1959.

Raiffa H, Schlaifer R. Applied statistical decision theory. Boston: Harvard Business School; 1961.

The value of information is a central concept in decision analysis, used to quantify how much the expected outcome of a decision would be improved if epistemic uncertainty could be resolved prior to committing to a course of action. One of the challenges, however, in quantitative analysis of the value of information is that the calculations are demanding, especially in requiring predictions of outcomes as a function of alternative actions and sources of uncertainty. However, the concept of value of information is important in early framing of some decisions, before such predictions are available. We propose a novel measure of the value of information based on constructed scales (CVOI), grounded in the algebra of the expected value of perfect information (EVPI), but requiring less of experts and analysts. The CVOI calculation decomposes EVPI into a contribution representing the relevance of the uncertainty to the decision and a contribution representing the magnitude of uncertainty; constructed ratio scales are then proposed for each contribution. We demonstrate the use of CVOI to identify research priorities related to migratory bird management in the face of climate change.

Designing new models of Income Statement and Balance Sheets in Learning and Research organisations

Concepts :

1. value of information and knowledge in societies (in a prospective analysis)

2. knowledge and information dispersion in society

3. value of information dispersion

4. value of intersectorial sharing of knowledge

5. cost of not using information

6. connecting knowledge creation diffusion and protection with economy.